Human Metapneumovirus Sparks Crisis as Medicine Shortage Fuels Rising Deaths

Young children, the elderly, and those with underlying diseases are at risk of death

The spread of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) in China has been reported, with many hospitals overwhelmed by patients, some even placing beds in hallways due to the severe situation. As the Spring Festival approaches, concerns are rising about the potential resurgence of the pandemic. However, Dr. Yoshimasa Gotou, director of Goryo Clinic Takanawa Shirokane, expresses his primary concern about the shortage of medicine.

“This virus is an infectious disease that, with appropriate treatment, typically allows for recovery. However, since last year, Japan has faced a severe shortage of medicine. If the infection spreads, proper treatment may not be available, leading to worsening conditions, and in the worst-case scenario, death,” Dr. Gotou stated.

Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms similar to a cold. It is particularly concerning for children aged 1-3 and elderly individuals. The virus spreads through droplet transmission from coughing or sneezing, as well as through contact transmission when touching the face or mouth with hands contaminated by the virus.

For healthy adults, it usually results in a mild cold-like illness, but there is a risk of severe complications.

“Typically, symptoms of infection include fever, cough, and runny nose, which subside in about a week. However, in severe cases, it can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, and in individuals with weakened immune systems—such as infants, the elderly, or those with underlying conditions—it can be life-threatening,” Dr. Gotou explained.

Currently, influenza and COVID-19 are also rampant, putting tremendous pressure on the healthcare system. The most pressing issue is the shortage of medicine. While over-the-counter medications are believed to be effective against hMPV, the supply of these medicines is currently inadequate.

“Sawei Pharmaceuticals announced a halt in the shipment of Oseltamivir, the standard treatment for influenza. Other antiviral drugs are also difficult to obtain. Moreover, the supply of expectorants, cough suppressants, and inhalation medications is not keeping up with demand. Delayed treatment is leading to cases of pneumonia. The shortage of medication may result in an increasing number of patients unable to receive adequate care,” Dr. Gotou added.

Tragedy of severe illness due to lack of antibiotics

The Chinese New Year (January 29) is fast approaching. During the eight-day holiday, it is said that around 900 million people will be traveling. If a large number of Chinese tourists flood into Japan, the risk of a human metapneumovirus outbreak in Japan could rise sharply.

“Human Metapneumovirus, when it worsens, can lead to bacterial infections, increasing the risk of pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia can be treated quickly with antibiotics, but in the absence of antibiotics, the infection can worsen and lead to death… This worst-case scenario could occur more frequently,” Dr. Gotou warned.

In tourist areas and urban centers, where many people gather, the spread of the virus could accelerate. With the already strained medical resources, a sudden increase in infections would put significant pressure on the healthcare system.

“We must take action to prevent the increase in severe cases and deaths due to lack of proper treatment. I believe the government should take the lead in solving the medicine shortage, but the situation has not improved,” Dr. Gotou continued.

Amid the shortage of medicine, the oncoming Human Metapneumovirus poses a serious risk. Early consultation and thorough infection prevention are key to protecting health.

“Thorough infection prevention, wearing masks, frequent handwashing, alcohol disinfection, and avoiding crowded places are essential. If you experience symptoms such as fever, cough, or shortness of breath, do not self-diagnose but seek medical attention promptly. Those with underlying conditions should consider seeing a doctor even if symptoms are mild,” Dr. Gotou advised.

Four years after the historic pandemic, it is crucial to apply the lessons learned to stabilize the supply of medical resources and implement policies that ensure public safety and peace of mind.